Single-line diagram (SLD)
Shows the bus scheme, bays, transformers, line entries and principal equipment ratings on one diagram. It is the reference from which layouts, calculations and schedules are developed and checked.
- Typical inputs
- Bay list, system data, utility scheme requirements
- Typical outputs
- SLD with bus scheme, bays, ratings and notes
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Electrical key diagram (EKD)
A project-defined key diagram that summarises how bays, circuits and equipment relate to one another, used to coordinate layout, control and protection interfaces. Content and format follow the client specification.
- Typical inputs
- Approved SLD, client EKD format, bay numbering
- Typical outputs
- Key diagram linking bays, circuits and equipment
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Electrical design basis and criteria report
Records voltage levels, fault levels, ratings, clearances, environmental data and the assumptions behind them, so every later calculation and drawing can be traced to an agreed starting point.
- Typical inputs
- Specification, system data, site and climatic data
- Typical outputs
- Design basis report with assumptions register
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
AIS switchyard general arrangement
Plan of the air-insulated yard showing bays, bus levels, equipment positions, line entries, gantries and clearances, coordinated with civil layout, cable routes and the approved single-line diagram.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, bay list, vendor dimensions, plot boundary
- Typical outputs
- Yard plan with bays, gantries, roads and clearances
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
GIS hall layout and interface drawing
Shows the GIS equipment arrangement against the building, bus duct and cable entries, supports and maintenance space, aligned with the supplier's approved drawings and the civil building design.
- Typical inputs
- GIS supplier drawings, building outline, cable entries
- Typical outputs
- Hall layout and interface drawing
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
Bay sections and elevations
Sectional views through each bay showing equipment heights, bus levels, terminal connections and clearances so that structures, foundations and erection can be coordinated from one reference.
- Typical inputs
- Approved GA, equipment heights, bus levels
- Typical outputs
- Bay sections and elevations with clearances
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Equipment placement and clearance drawing
Locates each item of primary equipment and records phase-to-phase, phase-to-earth and sectional clearances against the project criteria, with equipment dimensions taken from approved vendor data.
- Typical inputs
- Vendor outline drawings, clearance criteria
- Typical outputs
- Equipment placement drawing with checked clearances
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Busbar and conductor selection
Selects conductor size from continuous current, ambient and operating temperature, and fault withstand, and records the standards, assumptions and margins used in the choice.
- Typical inputs
- Load current, fault level, ambient data, conductor catalogue
- Typical outputs
- Selected conductor and busbar sizes with margins
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Flexible bus sag-tension calculation
Determines conductor sag and tension under specified temperature, wind and span conditions, and checks resulting clearances and the tension passed to gantries and equipment terminals.
- Typical inputs
- Span lengths, conductor data, temperature and wind cases
- Typical outputs
- Sag and tension tables and terminal loads
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Short-circuit force on bus, supports and terminals
Evaluates the mechanical effect of short-circuit current on conductors, spacers, insulators, terminals and supports, giving the forces that structure and foundation design must carry. Distinct from system fault-level studies.
- Typical inputs
- Fault current and duration, span and spacer data
- Typical outputs
- Short-circuit forces on bus, insulators and supports
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Insulator and support interface check
Checks that selected insulators, fittings and supports meet the cantilever, tension and short-circuit loads from the bus design, and records the interface loads passed to civil design.
- Typical inputs
- Bus loads, insulator and fitting ratings
- Typical outputs
- Interface load check and loads passed to civil
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
DSLP shielding study
Checks that lightning masts and shield wires protect the equipment envelope using the project's chosen method and protection criteria, and records the assumptions, heights and coverage achieved.
- Typical inputs
- Yard layout, equipment heights, chosen shielding method
- Typical outputs
- Shielding calculation with protected zones
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- HVDC
DSLP mast and shield-wire layout
Shows mast and shield-wire positions and heights on the switchyard plan, together with the protected zone, so that structure and foundation drawings use the same positions.
- Typical inputs
- Shielding calculation results, structure positions
- Typical outputs
- Mast and shield-wire layout drawing
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- HVDC
Earth mat layout drawing
Shows the earth grid conductors, rods, risers and connections to equipment and structures, together with conductor sizes and burial depth as established by the earthing calculation.
- Typical inputs
- Earthing study results, equipment layout
- Typical outputs
- Earth mat layout with conductor sizes and rods
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- HVDC
Equipment earthing and bonding details
Details how equipment, structures, fences, cable trays and the control building are bonded to the grid, including connection types and conductor sizes, for installation clarity.
- Typical inputs
- Earth mat layout, equipment list, vendor earthing points
- Typical outputs
- Bonding and riser details by equipment type
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
CT, CVT/PT and LA rating check
Reviews instrument transformer and arrester ratings, burdens and classes against protection, metering and system requirements, and flags mismatches with vendor data for resolution.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, fault level, protection and metering needs
- Typical outputs
- Rating check sheet for CT, CVT/PT and LA
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Circuit breaker, isolator and earth switch rating check
Compares rated voltage, current, short-circuit and operating duty of switching equipment with the project single-line diagram and fault data, and records any exception for the client.
- Typical inputs
- Fault level, continuous current, bay function
- Typical outputs
- Rating check sheet for CB, isolator and earth switch
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Neutral grounding resistor sizing
Sizes a neutral grounding resistor or device for equipment such as shunt reactors from the specified fault current and duration, recording the assumptions and the data needed from the supplier.
- Typical inputs
- Reactor data, specified fault current and duration
- Typical outputs
- NGR rating, time rating and supplier data list
AC auxiliary (LTAC) single-line diagram
Shows the low-voltage AC auxiliary supply arrangement, including sources, changeover, distribution boards and major loads, as the base for the load list and cable design.
- Typical inputs
- Auxiliary load list, supply sources, DG/UPS needs
- Typical outputs
- LTAC single-line diagram
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
DC distribution single-line diagram
Shows battery banks, chargers, DC distribution boards and their major outgoing feeders, so that sizing, cable and panel interface work follow a single agreed arrangement.
- Typical inputs
- DC load list, battery and charger data
- Typical outputs
- DC distribution single-line diagram
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Station battery sizing
Sizes battery capacity from the DC load schedule, duty cycle, autonomy period and correction factors specified for the project, with the method and assumptions stated.
- Typical inputs
- DC duty cycle, autonomy, ageing and temperature factors
- Typical outputs
- Battery capacity and cell count
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Battery charger sizing
Determines charger rating from continuous DC load, battery recharge requirement and design margins, and records the criteria taken from the specification.
- Typical inputs
- Battery capacity, recharge time, standing loads
- Typical outputs
- Charger rating and configuration
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
LTAC load list
Lists each AC auxiliary load with rating, supply point and operating pattern, giving the basis for transformer, cable and distribution board selection.
- Typical inputs
- Equipment auxiliary data, building services loads
- Typical outputs
- LTAC load list with demand and diversity
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
DC load and duty-cycle schedule
Lists continuous and momentary DC loads with timing, forming the input for battery and charger sizing and for reviewing the design with the client.
- Typical inputs
- Relay, control and emergency loads, duty periods
- Typical outputs
- DC load and duty-cycle schedule
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Cable sizing and voltage drop calculation
Selects power and control cable sizes from load current, installation conditions, short-circuit rating and voltage drop limits, with the assumptions and derating factors recorded.
- Typical inputs
- Load currents, route lengths, installation method, fault level
- Typical outputs
- Cable sizes with voltage-drop and fault checks
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Cable schedule
Lists each cable with tag, size, core count, route, termination points and length, giving a controlled reference for procurement, installation and as-built records.
- Typical inputs
- Cable sizes, routes, equipment list
- Typical outputs
- Cable schedule with types, lengths and routes
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Cable block diagram
Shows the cable connections between equipment, marshalling boxes and panels at block level, so interfaces between yard, building and panel suppliers can be agreed.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, panel list, cable schedule
- Typical outputs
- Block diagram of cable connections
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Cable trench and routing layout
Shows trench and tray routes, crossings and entries to buildings, coordinated with civil trench design, earthing and equipment positions to avoid clashes.
- Typical inputs
- Equipment layout, cable schedule, civil layout
- Typical outputs
- Trench and routing layout with tray sizes
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Illumination calculation
Calculates illuminance for yard areas and rooms from the lighting criteria given for the project, using fixture data supplied by the manufacturer, and records the assumptions.
- Typical inputs
- Lux criteria, fixture photometric data, areas
- Typical outputs
- Illuminance results against project criteria
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Yard and room lighting layout
Shows fixture locations, mounting heights, normal and emergency lighting circuits, coordinated with structures, equipment and the cable layout.
- Typical inputs
- Illumination calculation, structures, cable routes
- Typical outputs
- Lighting layouts with fixtures and circuits
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Equipment bill of quantities
Quantifies primary equipment, conductors, fittings and accessories from the approved layout, with stated assumptions, as a basis for procurement and cost control.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, GA, bay list
- Typical outputs
- Equipment BOQ with quantities and descriptions
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Cable and accessories bill of quantities
Quantifies cables, glands, lugs, trays and accessories from the cable schedule and routing, with allowances stated separately for review.
- Typical inputs
- Cable schedule, routing layout
- Typical outputs
- Cable and accessories BOQ
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Electrical master deliverable list (MDL)
Lists each electrical drawing, calculation and document with number, title, revision and planned submission, so progress and review status can be tracked by all parties.
- Typical inputs
- Contract scope, specification, client numbering
- Typical outputs
- Electrical MDL with titles, numbers and dates
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Comment resolution sheet (CRS)
Records each client or vendor comment with the response given and the revision in which it was closed, forming an auditable trail through the review cycle.
- Typical inputs
- Client comments on a submission
- Typical outputs
- Response per comment, with revision and status
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Drawing register and transmittal log
Tracks every issued document by number, revision, date and status, together with the transmittal in which it was sent, to keep submissions controlled.
- Typical inputs
- Submissions, client numbering convention
- Typical outputs
- Register of drawings, revisions and transmittals
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Solar plant electrical single-line diagram
Shows how PV blocks, inverters, inverter-duty transformers and collector feeders connect to the pooling or plant substation.
- Typical inputs
- Block layout, inverter and transformer data, collection scheme
- Typical outputs
- LT/HT single-line diagram of the plant
Inverter and inverter-duty transformer sizing interface
Matches inverter and transformer ratings to the block capacity and connection voltage, recording the data needed from suppliers.
- Typical inputs
- Block DC and AC capacity, inverter data, site conditions
- Typical outputs
- Rating selection and supplier data requirements
DC and AC collection cable sizing and layout
Sizes collection cables for current, voltage drop, losses and fault withstand, and lays out routes between blocks and the collector substation.
- Typical inputs
- Plant layout, cable routes, loading and installation data
- Typical outputs
- Cable sizes, loss estimate and routing layout
Plant block layout and equipment arrangement
Arranges blocks, inverter stations, transformers and cable corridors within the plot, as the base for electrical and civil design.
- Typical inputs
- Plot boundary, capacity, equipment footprints, access needs
- Typical outputs
- Block layout with equipment and corridors
Wind collector system single-line diagram and feeder scheme
Groups turbines onto MV collector feeders and shows unit transformers, feeder breakers and the connection to the pooling substation.
- Typical inputs
- Turbine positions, unit transformer data, collection voltage
- Typical outputs
- Collector SLD and feeder grouping
MV collection network route and cable sizing
Sizes and routes MV cables or overhead collector lines between turbines and the substation, with losses and voltage drop.
- Typical inputs
- Turbine layout, terrain and crossings, loading
- Typical outputs
- Collector cable sizes, route layout and losses
Plant earthing and lightning protection layout
Sets out earthing and lightning protection for array, inverter stations and storage areas, coordinated with the substation earth grid.
- Typical inputs
- Soil data, layout, equipment earthing points
- Typical outputs
- Earthing and lightning protection layout
Pooling substation SLD and bay scheme
Defines incoming collector feeders, pooling transformers, bus arrangement, metering points and outgoing evacuation bays.
- Typical inputs
- Collector feeder count, transformer data, utility requirements
- Typical outputs
- Pooling substation SLD with bay scheme
Energy metering scheme
Shows main and check metering, CT and VT cores and the connection to the utility’s metering requirements.
- Typical inputs
- Utility metering requirements, SLD
- Typical outputs
- Metering scheme drawing and core allocation
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- AIS/GIS substations
Power evacuation scheme report
Describes how plant output reaches the grid: collector system, pooling substation, transformers and evacuation line, with the assumptions behind each choice.
- Typical inputs
- Plant capacity, connection approval data, route options
- Typical outputs
- Evacuation scheme description and SLD reference
BESS sizing calculation
Relates required power and energy to installed capacity, allowing for usable depth of discharge, efficiency, auxiliary consumption and the degradation the project assumes.
- Typical inputs
- Application, MW and MWh need, duty cycle, OEM data
- Typical outputs
- Installed MW and MWh with stated assumptions
BESS single-line diagram: PCS, transformer and switchgear
Shows battery blocks, PCS units, MV step-up transformers, MV switchgear and the connection to the pooling or grid substation.
- Typical inputs
- Block configuration, PCS and transformer data, connection point
- Typical outputs
- BESS SLD with ratings and protection points
BESS auxiliary power and load list
Lists auxiliary loads such as HVAC, fire detection and controls, which affect auxiliary transformer sizing and net energy delivered.
- Typical inputs
- OEM auxiliary data, building and site services
- Typical outputs
- Auxiliary load list and supply arrangement
BESS block layout and spacing plan
Arranges containers, PCS skids and transformers with the access and separation distances set by the OEM and the applicable requirements.
- Typical inputs
- Container footprints, OEM spacing data, plot and access
- Typical outputs
- Block layout with separation distances
Converter station layout interface drawing
Coordinates the AC yard, converter transformer yard, filter yard and DC yard boundaries with the converter supplier’s layout.
- Typical inputs
- OEM layout, AC yard arrangement, interface list
- Typical outputs
- Interface drawing with agreed boundaries
AC filter and reactive equipment yard layout
Arranges AC filter banks and reactive equipment with clearances, bus connections and access, from the supplier’s ratings.
- Typical inputs
- Filter and reactor data, clearance criteria
- Typical outputs
- Filter yard layout and sections
Site technical query response
Answers a site or vendor query against the approved design basis and records any resulting drawing change.
- Typical inputs
- Site query, approved drawings and calculations
- Typical outputs
- Response note and revised drawing where needed
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Gantry and portal structure design calculation
Analyses columns, beams and bracing under conductor tension, wind, seismic and short-circuit loads from the electrical design, and sizes members and connections to the project code.
- Typical inputs
- Conductor tensions, wind, seismic and SCF loads, GA
- Typical outputs
- Member sizes and checks for gantries and portals
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Structure general arrangement drawings
Shows the geometry, member layout and levels of each gantry and tower type, with positions of conductor attachments and equipment, as the reference for detailing.
- Typical inputs
- Structure design results, electrical GA
- Typical outputs
- Structure general arrangement drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Equipment support structure design
Designs supports for breakers, isolators, instrument transformers and arresters for equipment weight, terminal loads and operating forces taken from approved vendor drawings.
- Typical inputs
- Equipment weights, terminal loads, wind data
- Typical outputs
- Support structure member design
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Equipment support structure drawings
Shows member sizes, connections, base plates and anchor bolt layouts for each support type, coordinated with the foundation drawings and vendor interface dimensions.
- Typical inputs
- Support structure design, vendor mounting details
- Typical outputs
- Support structure drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Gantry steel detailing and fabrication drawings
Where assigned, gives piece-level detailing, marks and connection details so fabrication and erection can proceed from a controlled drawing set.
- Typical inputs
- Approved structure design, connection forces
- Typical outputs
- Fabrication and detailing drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Bolt, base plate and anchor design
Checks bolts, base plates and anchorage against reactions from the structural analysis, and records the load cases and assumptions governing the design.
- Typical inputs
- Reactions, vendor base details, concrete grade
- Typical outputs
- Bolt, base plate and anchor design
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Lightning mast and shield-wire support design
Designs masts or shield-wire supports for wind and wire loads at the positions fixed by the lightning protection layout, including their foundation reactions.
- Typical inputs
- DSLP layout, wind and wire loads
- Typical outputs
- Mast and support design with reactions
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Transformer and reactor foundation design
Designs foundations for transformers and reactors from vendor weights, jacking and short-circuit loads and soil data, covering bearing, overturning, sliding and reinforcement.
- Typical inputs
- Transformer or reactor weight, vendor plinth details, soil report
- Typical outputs
- Foundation design with bearing and stability checks
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Transformer and reactor foundation and oil pit drawings
Shows foundation outlines, rail or plinth details, oil pit and drain connections, with anchor positions taken from the approved equipment drawing.
- Typical inputs
- Foundation design, oil volume, drainage scheme
- Typical outputs
- Foundation, oil pit and gravel layer drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Equipment foundation design (CB, isolator, CT, CVT, LA)
Designs pedestal and footing for yard equipment from support reactions, with checks for soil pressure, uplift and overturning as the soil data permit.
- Typical inputs
- Equipment loads, soil report, structure reactions
- Typical outputs
- Equipment foundation design
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Equipment foundation drawings
Shows plan, section and reinforcement of each equipment foundation with anchor bolt layout and levels, referenced to the foundation layout drawing.
- Typical inputs
- Foundation design, layout, anchor details
- Typical outputs
- Equipment foundation drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Gantry and tower foundation design
Designs footings and pedestals for gantry and termination structures against compression, uplift, shear and moment, using the geotechnical report for the site.
- Typical inputs
- Structure reactions, soil report
- Typical outputs
- Gantry and tower foundation design
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Foundation layout drawing
Places every foundation on the yard plan with centre-line coordinates and levels, tied to the general arrangement so that setting-out is unambiguous.
- Typical inputs
- Electrical GA, foundation designs
- Typical outputs
- Coordinated foundation layout with centre-lines
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Control room building structural design
Designs slabs, beams, columns and footings of the control building for dead, live, wind and seismic loads and for cable trench and equipment openings.
- Typical inputs
- Architectural layout, loads, soil report, seismic zone
- Typical outputs
- Building frame and foundation design
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Control room building general arrangement drawings
Shows room layout, openings, cable entries and structural arrangement of the control and relay building, coordinated with panel and cable layouts.
- Typical inputs
- Building design, architectural requirements
- Typical outputs
- Building general arrangement drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
GIS building interface drawings
Shows slab loads, embedded items, openings, crane and maintenance provisions needed by the GIS supplier, as an interface between building design and equipment drawings.
- Typical inputs
- GIS supplier loads, crane data, openings
- Typical outputs
- GIS building interface drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
Cable trench design and drawings
Shows trench sections, covers, drainage and crossing details, together with penetrations to buildings, coordinated with the cable routing layout.
- Typical inputs
- Cable routes, tray sizes, crossing loads
- Typical outputs
- Trench design and drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Roads, drainage and stormwater layout
Shows internal roads, drains and outfall arrangement with levels and slopes, designed to convey the specified runoff while keeping equipment access clear.
- Typical inputs
- Site levels, rainfall data, layout
- Typical outputs
- Road, drainage and stormwater layout
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Oil containment pit, bund and sump design
Sizes oil pits, bunds or sumps for the oil volume and rain allowance specified for the project, and records outlet and separation arrangements.
- Typical inputs
- Oil volume, rainfall, fire separation criteria
- Typical outputs
- Pit, bund and sump design
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Site grading and earthwork layout
Shows finished levels, cut and fill areas and slopes for the yard and access roads, based on survey and geotechnical data provided for the site.
- Typical inputs
- Survey levels, layout, drainage needs
- Typical outputs
- Grading and earthwork layout with volumes
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Fence and boundary wall drawings
Shows fence or wall alignment, foundations and gates, with details agreed with the client and cross-checked against earthing of the fence.
- Typical inputs
- Boundary survey, security requirements
- Typical outputs
- Fence and boundary wall drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
RCC reinforcement drawings
Shows bar sizes, spacing, cover and lap details for each concrete element, derived from the design calculation and ready for scheduling.
- Typical inputs
- Approved RCC designs
- Typical outputs
- Reinforcement drawings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Bar bending schedule (BBS)
Where scoped, lists every reinforcing bar by mark, diameter, shape and length so that cutting, bending and quantity records follow the drawings.
- Typical inputs
- Reinforcement drawings
- Typical outputs
- Bar bending schedule
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Civil material quantity schedule and BOQ
Quantifies concrete, reinforcement, steel and earthwork from the drawings, with assumptions stated, to support procurement and progress measurement.
- Typical inputs
- Approved civil drawings
- Typical outputs
- Civil quantities and BOQ
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Structural calculation report
Compiles the design basis, load cases, analysis results and member checks for a structure into a single reviewable report with clear references to input documents.
- Typical inputs
- Design inputs, criteria, analysis results
- Typical outputs
- Structural calculation report for review
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Civil master deliverable list (MDL)
Lists each civil drawing and calculation with number, revision and planned submission, so reviewers and the project team can track design progress.
- Typical inputs
- Contract scope and client numbering
- Typical outputs
- Civil MDL
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Interface and input register
Records the inputs required from geotechnical, electrical and vendor sources, their status and the dates they are needed, so design is not started on unconfirmed data.
- Typical inputs
- Geotechnical, electrical and vendor inputs
- Typical outputs
- Register of inputs, status and need dates
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Inverter and transformer skid foundations
Foundations and plinths for inverter stations, transformers and associated equipment, drawn from vendor loads and soil data.
- Typical inputs
- Vendor weights and footprints, soil report
- Typical outputs
- Foundation design and drawings
BESS container and PCS foundations
Foundations, plinths and cable entries for containers, PCS skids and transformers, drawn from vendor loads and soil data.
- Typical inputs
- Vendor loads and fixing details, soil report
- Typical outputs
- Foundation design and drawings
Converter transformer foundation and firewall design
Designs foundations, oil containment and fire separation walls for converter transformers from vendor loads and project criteria.
- Typical inputs
- Transformer weight and outline, soil report, fire criteria
- Typical outputs
- Foundation and firewall design and drawings
Single and double circuit tower geometry
Defines the outline, panel layout, cross-arm geometry and attachment points of each tower type for the voltage, circuit arrangement and clearance criteria of the project.
- Typical inputs
- Voltage, circuits, clearances, conductor configuration
- Typical outputs
- SC or DC tower geometry and outline
Tower type schedule (Type A/B/C/D)
Lists the tower family as defined by the project's own schedule, with the applicable line angle and span limits stated by the client rather than assumed.
- Typical inputs
- Route angles, span ranges, client tower family
- Typical outputs
- Tower type schedule as defined by the project
Loading tree and load case schedule
Sets out wire, wind and construction loads for each tower type and loading condition, including broken-wire cases where specified, as input to member design.
- Typical inputs
- Wind zone, conductor and earth wire data, reliability criteria
- Typical outputs
- Load trees and load case schedule
Tower structural analysis and member sizing
Analyses the tower under the specified load cases and sizes legs, bracing and cross-arm members, with utilisation checks recorded for each member group.
- Typical inputs
- Load trees, tower geometry, steel grades
- Typical outputs
- Member sizes with strength and deflection checks
Bolted connection design
Checks bolts, gussets and splices for the member forces from analysis, and records edge distances, bolt grades and any special connection arrangements.
- Typical inputs
- Member forces, bolt grades
- Typical outputs
- Bolted connection design
Tower weight and material list
Summarises member and bolt weights for each tower type and extension, giving a basis for fabrication planning and estimate checking.
- Typical inputs
- Approved tower design
- Typical outputs
- Weight and material list
Body and leg extension design
Shows the extension arrangement, geometry and member changes needed to adapt a tower type to ground conditions, as allowed by the project schedule.
- Typical inputs
- Terrain profile, tower design
- Typical outputs
- Body and leg extension design
Tower assembly and fabrication drawings
Where assigned, gives member marks, assembly sequence and bolt lists so fabrication and erection can follow controlled drawings.
- Typical inputs
- Approved design and connections
- Typical outputs
- Assembly and fabrication drawings
Insulator string and attachment arrangement
Shows insulator string types, hardware and attachment points on the cross-arms, aligned with the electrical clearance and swing criteria.
- Typical inputs
- Insulator and hardware data, clearances
- Typical outputs
- String and attachment arrangement
Clearance diagram
Shows electrical clearances to tower steelwork under still and swung conditions for each tower type, according to the clearance criteria specified.
- Typical inputs
- Electrical clearances, swing angles, tower outline
- Typical outputs
- Clearance diagram
Plan and profile and tower spotting
Where in scope, positions towers on a supplied route profile against ground clearance and crossing requirements. Survey data come from the client or a surveyor.
- Typical inputs
- Survey profile, tower types, clearance criteria
- Typical outputs
- Plan and profile with tower positions
Sag-tension and stringing charts
Calculates conductor and earth wire sag and tension for the temperatures and spans in use, giving charts for stringing and for clearance checks.
- Typical inputs
- Conductor data, ruling span, temperature cases
- Typical outputs
- Sag-tension and stringing charts
OPGW and earth wire interface details
Shows attachment, clamp and earthing arrangements for earth wire or OPGW at tower and termination points, where expressly included in scope.
- Typical inputs
- OPGW or earth wire data, tower peak details
- Typical outputs
- Interface and fitting details
Tower earthing arrangement
Shows footing earthing or counterpoise connections to each tower type, where in scope, with details coordinated with foundation drawings.
- Typical inputs
- Soil resistivity, tower footing data
- Typical outputs
- Tower earthing arrangement
Tower foundation design
Designs pad-and-chimney, pile or other approved foundation types for the soil classes in the project, using reactions from tower analysis and soil data.
- Typical inputs
- Tower reactions, soil classes, geotechnical data
- Typical outputs
- Foundation design by soil class
Tower RCC foundation drawings
Shows geometry, stub setting, reinforcement and levels of each foundation type, so it can be scheduled and constructed from controlled details.
- Typical inputs
- Foundation design, stub details
- Typical outputs
- RCC foundation drawings
Foundation reinforcement schedule and BOQ
Lists bar sizes, lengths and concrete volumes for each foundation type, giving a consistent basis for quantity records and estimates.
- Typical inputs
- Foundation drawings
- Typical outputs
- Reinforcement schedule and BOQ
Tower design basis and criteria report
Records conductor data, loading and reliability criteria, tower family and clearance criteria used for design, with sources identified for review.
- Typical inputs
- Specification, conductor data, loading criteria
- Typical outputs
- Tower design basis report
Conductor selection, losses and corona assessment
Compares conductor options for current capacity, losses, corona and radio interference, recording the criteria and data used.
- Typical inputs
- Power transfer, voltage, climatic data, conductor catalogue
- Typical outputs
- Conductor recommendation with loss and corona results
Route alignment and survey review
Where in scope, reviews route options and survey data for angle points, crossings and constraints before tower spotting.
- Typical inputs
- Route options, survey data, crossing requirements
- Typical outputs
- Route review with recommended alignment
Earthing study: GPR, step and touch voltage
Uses measured soil resistivity and fault data to size the earth grid and check ground potential rise, step and touch voltages against allowable limits. No result is assumed before the calculation is complete.
- Typical inputs
- Soil resistivity data, fault current and duration, layout
- Typical outputs
- Grid design with GPR, step and touch voltage checks
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- HVDC
Insulation coordination review
Where included in scope, reviews arrester selection and protective margins against equipment withstand levels using the project's system data and applicable guidance.
- Typical inputs
- System voltages, arrester data, equipment withstand levels
- Typical outputs
- Protective margins and arrester recommendations
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- HVDC
Control and protection interface diagram
Where within scope, shows how primary equipment connects to control, protection and metering panels, as an interface reference rather than a full relay scheme design.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, protection scheme, panel supplier data
- Typical outputs
- Interface diagram between primary equipment and panels
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Signal list and SCADA interface sheet
Where contracted, lists the signals exchanged between substation equipment and the control system, with type and source, for agreement among suppliers.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, control philosophy, equipment I/O data
- Typical outputs
- Signal list for SCADA and control system
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Short-circuit study
Calculates fault currents at each bus for the cases the project defines, so equipment ratings, earthing and protection inputs rest on stated system data.
- Typical inputs
- Grid fault data, network and equipment impedances
- Typical outputs
- Fault levels per bus and case, with assumptions
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Load flow study
Where commissioned, checks voltages, loading and losses for defined operating cases, for example at a renewable plant’s point of connection.
- Typical inputs
- Network model, generation and load cases, grid data
- Typical outputs
- Voltage and loading results against stated limits
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- AIS/GIS substations
Reactive power capability assessment
Where commissioned, compares the plant’s reactive capability at the connection point with the grid requirement, and identifies any compensation need.
- Typical inputs
- Inverter or WTG capability curves, grid code requirement
- Typical outputs
- Capability chart and compensation recommendation
Harmonic analysis study
Where commissioned, assesses harmonic distortion from inverters or converters against the applicable limits and informs any filter requirement.
- Typical inputs
- Harmonic emission data, network impedance, limits
- Typical outputs
- Distortion results and filter recommendation
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- HVDC
Interlocking and control philosophy document
Where assigned, records the switching interlocks and control logic the client requires, as a reference for the panel and SCADA suppliers.
- Typical inputs
- SLD, client operating philosophy, equipment data
- Typical outputs
- Interlock tables and control philosophy
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Earthing study with specialist software
For complex or non-uniform soil, models the earth grid in specialist software to calculate grid resistance, GPR and touch and step voltages across the site.
- Typical inputs
- Multi-layer soil model, fault current split, grid geometry
- Typical outputs
- Potential contours and compliance results
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- HVDC
BESS protection, control and EMS/SCADA interface list
Defines signals and control modes exchanged between the BMS, PCS, EMS or plant controller and the substation SCADA.
- Typical inputs
- OEM interface documents, control philosophy
- Typical outputs
- Interface list and control mode summary
HVDC insulation coordination and harmonic study review
Where contracted, reviews or prepares insulation coordination and harmonic studies against the project data, with specialist inputs where needed.
- Typical inputs
- Station data, supplier studies, system data
- Typical outputs
- Review comments or study report
GTP and vendor drawing review sheet
Records a point-by-point review of manufacturer guaranteed technical particulars and drawings against the specification, listing agreed items, deviations and information still required.
- Typical inputs
- Specification, GTP, vendor drawings
- Typical outputs
- Review sheet with comments and status
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Tender scope matrix
Breaks the tender documents into scope packages, interfaces and obligations, and notes where the tender is unclear so queries can be raised early.
- Typical inputs
- RFP, specification, tender drawings
- Typical outputs
- Scope matrix by package and party
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Technical requirement and exception matrix
Lists each technical requirement against the proposed approach and highlights exceptions or clarifications needed, as a basis for the bid compliance statement.
- Typical inputs
- Specification clauses
- Typical outputs
- Requirement and exception matrix
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Tender query and clarification register
Collects questions raised during bid preparation with responses received, giving a traceable record of how ambiguities were handled.
- Typical inputs
- Tender documents, open points
- Typical outputs
- Query and clarification register
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Conceptual single-line diagram
Develops an initial single-line arrangement from tender requirements for use in bid planning. It carries stated assumptions and is not an approved design.
- Typical inputs
- Tender SLD, bay requirements
- Typical outputs
- Conceptual SLD with stated assumptions
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Initial layout and footprint concept
Gives an early arrangement of bays, equipment and buildings with approximate area and clearances, to test feasibility against the offered site area.
- Typical inputs
- Plot data, bay count, tender GA
- Typical outputs
- Initial layout and footprint
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
Preliminary quantities and BOQ
Takes off principal quantities from the tender drawings and stated assumptions, to support the EPC estimate. It is not a measured detail quantity.
- Typical inputs
- Conceptual SLD and layout, tender BOQ format
- Typical outputs
- Preliminary quantities and BOQ
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Bid-stage GTP technical review
Reviews supplier guaranteed technical particulars submitted for the bid against the tender specification and notes compliance, deviations and clarifications needed.
- Typical inputs
- Bid GTPs, specification
- Typical outputs
- Bid-stage GTP review
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Vendor offer comparison
Compares technical offers on a consistent basis, noting differences in scope, ratings and exclusions so the EPC team can evaluate them like for like.
- Typical inputs
- Supplier offers, specification
- Typical outputs
- Offer comparison with deviations
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Bid engineering plan
Outlines the deliverables, staging and information needed in the bid, so the engineering effort and its dependencies are visible to the bid team.
- Typical inputs
- Tender schedule, scope
- Typical outputs
- Bid engineering plan
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Basis of estimate
States the assumptions, inputs and exclusions behind the quantity take-off, so cost estimators understand what the quantities do and do not represent.
- Typical inputs
- Quantities, assumptions, sources
- Typical outputs
- Basis of estimate
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Priced-item scope assumptions note
Clarifies what each priced item is intended to cover, based on tender wording, so scope gaps can be seen before the bid is submitted.
- Typical inputs
- Tender wording, priced items
- Typical outputs
- Scope assumptions note
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Technical compliance and deviation statement
Presents the technical response to the tender, listing compliance, deviations and clarifications in the format requested by the tender.
- Typical inputs
- Specification, offered design
- Typical outputs
- Compliance and deviation statement
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
Risk and exclusions note
Records technical risks, open information and exclusions recognised during bid preparation, so they can be priced or clarified deliberately.
- Typical inputs
- Tender review, open points
- Typical outputs
- Risk and exclusions note
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
BESS safety and fire-protection compliance review
Reviews OEM and design documents against the project’s safety and fire-protection requirements and records open points. Certified studies remain with qualified specialists.
- Typical inputs
- OEM safety documents, applicable codes and requirements
- Typical outputs
- Review sheet with compliance status and open points
Commissioning and performance test procedure review
Where contracted, reviews test procedures against the specification so that acceptance tests measure what the contract requires.
- Typical inputs
- Specification, OEM test procedures
- Typical outputs
- Comments and recommended acceptance criteria
- BESS
- Renewable & pooling
- AIS/GIS substations
HVDC equipment specification and technical review
Prepares or reviews specifications and supplier documents for HVDC station equipment, as contracted, against the project requirements.
- Typical inputs
- Project requirements, supplier documents
- Typical outputs
- Specification or review sheet
Factory acceptance test witness report
Where contracted, records the type and routine tests witnessed at the factory and compares results with the approved data.
- Typical inputs
- Approved test plan, GTP, test results
- Typical outputs
- Witness report with observations
- AIS/GIS substations
- HVDC
- BESS
- Renewable & pooling
- Transmission lines
Vendor qualification and supplier audit report
Where contracted, assesses a supplier’s capability, experience and quality system against the project’s qualification requirements.
- Typical inputs
- Qualification criteria, supplier documents, audit visit
- Typical outputs
- Audit report with findings
- AIS/GIS substations
- Renewable & pooling
- BESS
- Transmission lines
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